'Native Americans, neurofeedback, and substance abuse theory:' Three year outcome of alpha/theta neurofeedback training in the treatment of problem drinking among Dine' (Navajo) people.

Presents a 3-yr followup study of the treatment outcomes of 19 Dine' (Navajo) clients who completed a culturally sensitive, alpha/theta neurofeedback training program to determine if neurofeedback skills would significantly decrease both alcohol consumption and other behavioral indicators of substance abuse. 40 culturally modified neurofeedback training sessions were given as adjuncts to their normal 33 day residential treatment. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for substance abuse, 21% met criteria for 'sustained full remission' 63% for 'sustained partial remission', and 16% still remain 'dependent'. The majority of Ss also showed a significant increase in 'level of functioning'as measured by the DSM-IV Axis. Subjective reports from Ss indicated that their original neurofeedback training had been both enjoyable and self-empowering. This internal training also appeared to naturally stimulate significant, but subtle, spiritual experiences and to be naturally compatible with traditional Navajo cultural and medicine-ways. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)